2011. №1

Nikolaev Yu. E., Vdovenko I. A. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINED ELECTRIC POWER AND HEAT GENERATION AT GAS PISTON, GAS TURBINE  AND COMBINED-CYCLE HEAT AND POWER PLANTS

   Considered are the options for renovation of existing district CHP plants using the equipment of high-efficiency (gas piston, gas turbine and combined cycle units). The specific increment of the integral effect in the combined system of energy supply compared to separate, related to the release of useful heat energy to a consumer is taken as a criterion of economic efficiency.

   Keywords: cogeneration, gas piston, gas turbine, combined-cycle heat and power plants, comparative cost-effectiveness.

OPERATION, INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT

Nagornyi M. A., Chernov I. Ya., Kovalev A. P., Yakimishina V. V. ASSIGNMENT OF THE FRAME SIZE OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS
SERIES KTPV-KH/6 HAVING A CAPACITY OF 630 – 2500 KV∙A

  Analyzed is an increase in the power of transformer substations series KTPV-Kh/6 within a scale interval of 630 – 2500 kV ∙ A. Recommended is to complete integrated transformer substations having a capacity of 800, 1000, 1250; 1600 and 2000 kV∙A with a pitch of 1.25 which provides overload margin of the transformer.

  Keywords: capacity, transformer substation, integrated transformer substations, scale, overload margin.

Akmarov K. A., Dmitriev A. L., Anokhin Yu. A., Tadzhibaev A. I. FIBER-OPTIC THRESHOLD TEMPERATURE SENSOR FOR MONITORING THE STATUS OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION UNITS

  Presented is design of optronic temperature sensor intended for continuous monitoring of thermal conditions and detection of pre-emergency status of electrical equipment. It differs from similar temperature sensors simple design and principle of operation.

  Keywords: temperature, optical sensors, temperature measurement, optic fiber, monitoring.

Baskakov A. P., Rakov O. A., Cherepanova E. V. TESTS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR DEEP COOLING OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN THE BOILER ROOM

  The experience of using heat exchangers for cooling the products of natural gas combustion in the boiler room is discussed. The experimental results of testing condensation heat recovery unit are compared with those calculated by the method based on an analogy between the processes of heat and mass transfer.

  Keywords: boiler plants, cooling the flue gases, condensing heat exchanger, upgrading, energy saving.

PROJECTS AND STUDIES

Koptsev L. A., Koptsev A. L. RATING AND FORECASTING OF THE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AT AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

  Proposed is a method of rating and forecasting the electricity consumption using the exponential dependence on the production volume of the industrial enterprise. The method is based on the actual reported data of total energy consumption and is implemented as a program for personal computer (database). Since 1996, rating and forecasting of the power consumption at the Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works is performed on the base of the offered method.

  Keywords: rating, forecasting, production volume, power consumption.

Khor’kov S. A. GEOMETRIC MODEL OF TECHNOCENOSIS

  It is shown that the geometrical model of technocenosis is an analog of hyperbolic geometry model.

  Keywords: geometric model, technocenosis, ranking, hyperbolic distribution, the geometry of Lobachevsky.

Zhmakin Yu. D., Zagulyaev D. V., Konovalov S. V., Gromov V. E., Kuznetsov V. A. VARIABLE-FREQUENCY GENERATOR OF POWER CURRENT PULSES WITH AMPLITUDE FEEDBACK

  Two variants of the electrical schematic of an adjustable generator of power current pulses that provide adjusting and stabilizing of pulse amplitude are presented. In the first case, the process goes at high frequencies (up to 3600 Hz) and is characterized by a lack of smooth frequency adjustment. The second provides smooth adjustment of the current pulse spacing frequency and amplitude depended change of the latter, thus ensuring the stability of the frequency set by the frequency regulator.

  Keywords: power current pulses, generator, pressure shaping of materials, pulse amplitude, pulse duration, frequency.

Zaitsev E. A., Trubaev P. A., Gubarev A. V., Kuleshov M. I. ANALYSIS OF THE EXERGY LOSSES IN HOT WATER BOILERS

  Analysis of the exergy losses in a conventional boiler and in two condensing boilers offering a deep cooling of gas at the outlet due to condensation is performed to compare them using exergic and thermal efficiency. To educe the effectiveness of the aforementioned thermal power units we revealed four typical processes occurring there and developed methods of formalized calculation of the exergy losses in these processes. Calculation was performed using only the data on the composition and temperature of gases and coolant at the inlet and outlet of the thermal process or its particular stage. The proposed method are used to determine the losses in the three hot water boilers.

  Keywords: exergy losses, condensing boiler, the highest heat of combustion.

Kazakov V. G., Lukanin P. V., Samoilo V. N. EXERGY ANALYSIS OF THE DRYING SECTION OF PAPER MACHINES

  Information about the energy distribution and moisture removal in paper production process is presented. An energy balance of heat flows for paper machine producing newspaper is calculated. To determine the thermodynamic perfection of the system we performed exergy analysis of the parameters of heat consuming elements to assess the qualitatively the thermodynamic processes occurring in the dryer section of paper machines. The recommendations on improving the efficiency of the energy transfer in the form of heat are given. The ways and prospects of heat recovery are discussed.

  Keywords: exergy analysis, heat balance, paper drying, steam, technology, exergy, heat recovery.

Mukhutdinov A. R., Dvoenosova M. V. DEVELOPMENT OF NEURAL NETWORK MODEL AND APPLICATION OF THE MODEL TO IDENTIFICATION OF THE NEW REGULARITIES OF THE MILLED PEAT COMBUSTION

  Modern computer technologies are used to develop a neural network model that can be used to extract novel knowledge from gained experimental data. Special features and regularities of the milled peat combustion are determined using the model thus developed.

  Keywords: neural networks, milled peat, combustion of solid fuels, simulation of technological systems and processes.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Slobodkin A. Kh., Slobodkin I. A. REFINEMENT OF THE TECHNICAL BASE OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN 1000-V ELECTRIC NETWORKS

  A brief review of technical means that ensure electrical safety of people in case of unipolar touch is presented. Stated is the absence of protection against electric shock in case of bipolar touch. The principle possibility of implementing protection using a universal device UZO-U is demonstrated. The use of UZO-U provides reduction of lethal injuries to 13 – 15 %. Recommendations for UZO choice are given.

  Keywords: electric injury, single touch, bipolar touch, control and protection system.

ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Abbasov Й. M., Abbasova T. S. STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND WORKING CONDITIONS OF FOLLOW-UP MOTORS OF SOLAR STATIONS

  Developed are electromechanical design scheme and a block scheme on the same base of a universal single engine servo driver of the electric solar plant. Studied are the most adverse conditions of its operation.

  Keywords: follow-up system, transfer function, amplitude response.

Butuzov V. A., Bryantseva E. V., Butuzov V. V., Gnatyuk I. S. SOLAR STATION WITH NATURAL CIRCULATION. ANALYSIS OF DESIGNS

  An analysis of solar water heating systems — foreign made thermosiphon solar power plants is performed.

  Keywords: solar stations, solar collectors, characteristics, analysis, fabricator.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Gorshenin A. S., Shchelokov A. I. DEVELOPMENT OF THE MECHANISM OF OXIDATIVE PYROLYSIS AIMED AT IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF LOW POWER HEAT GENERATORS

  The results of studying the oxidative pyrolysis of natural gas are presented. Gas-reducing agents thus formed can be used as protective or controlled atmosphere upon heat treatment of metals, as well as for suppression of nitrogen oxides formed upon natural gas combustion in boiler furnaces of small capacity.

  Keywords: reducing gases, oxidative pyrolysis, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon radicals, fan jet, low power boilers, thermo-chemical mechanism of nitrogen oxide suppression.

Peregudov B. C. USING OF PLASMA THERMOCHEMICAL COAL PREPARATION TO IMPROVE THE SUPPRESSION OF NO_X UPON STAGED COMBUSTION OF FUEL

  A brief description of plasma thermochemical preparation (TCP) of coal is presented. Substantiated is the efficiency of reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides attributed to injection of TCP products at the first step in two-staged coal combustion. Shown are the advantages of using TCP as fuel a reducing agent at the second stage of three-stage method of coal combustion. The optimal regimes of coal concentration in the fuel mixture are specified.

  Keywords: nitrogen oxides, coal air-and-fuel mixture, thermochemical preparation, low-temperature plasma, gas-reducing agents, energy costs.

VTI INFORMATION

  A new type of triggering separator for once-through boilers of generating units of different power

VETERANS OF POWER ENGINEERING

  Hulin Yevgeny